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مروری بر نقش مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام در کارآمدی سیاست جنایی تقنینی جمهوری اسلامی ایران | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق اسلامی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 12 اسفند 1403 اصل مقاله (874.62 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30497/law.2025.247367.3662 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امین‌اله زمانی* 1؛ محمدحسن باقری خوزانی2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکده پیشگیری از وقوع جرم و اصلاح و تربیت، دانشگاه علوم قضایی و خدمات اداری، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانش‌آموخته دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سیاست جنایی تقنینی ناظر بر تحلیل رویکرد قوانین و مقرراتی است که برخورد با پدیده مجرمانه، اعم از جرم و انحراف را سازماندهی می‌کند. مقاله حاضر در صدد پاسخ به این سوال است که مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام با وظایف مصرح در اصول یکصد و دهم و یکصد و دوازدهم قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، چه نقشی در کارآمدی قوانین مرتبط با سیاست جنایی ایران داشته و دارد؟ یافته‌های این جستار که با روش توصیفی تحلیلی سامان یافته است، حاکی از این امر است که با دقت در وظایف و عملکرد این نهاد، مشخص می‌شود که مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام از دو منظر «تقنینی» و «نظارتی» بر قوانین و مقررات جنایی تاثیرگذار است. از جهت تقنینی، مجمع اقدام به ابتکار سیاست‌های کلی جنایی به عنوان منابع الزامی، و همچنین در برخی از موارد در راستای حل معضل و یا رفع اختلاف میان مجلس شورای اسلامی و شورای نگهبان، قانون‌گذاری جنایی می‌کند. از جهت نظارتی نیز، بررسی مصوبات مجلس که دخیل در سیاست جنایی است، از جهت انطباق با سیاست‌های کلی جنایی بر عهده مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سیاست جنایی؛ سیاست جنایی تقنینی؛ مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام؛ سیاست‌های کلی نظام | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Review of the Role of the Expediency Discernment Council in the Effectiveness of Legislative Criminal Policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Aminollah Zamani1؛ Mohammad Hasan Bagheri Khouzani2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Crime Prevention and Correctional, University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services, Tehran. Iran. | ||
| 2PhD in Public Law, Faculty of Law, Theology and Islamic Studies, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| ∴ Introduction ∴ Criminal policy encompasses the strategies and measures adopted by governments to address behaviors that contravene social and legal norms. This policy is not limited to punitive measures but extends to preventive approaches, integrating economic, social, and cultural dimensions in crime control. As defined by the French scholar Madame Mireille Delmas-Marty, criminal policy includes "the set of methods through which society organizes its responses to criminal phenomena," highlighting both reactive and proactive strategies in crime prevention. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, legislative criminal policy is a critical aspect of the broader criminal policy framework, guiding the enactment of laws, classification of offenses, and establishment of punitive measures. This legislative function is not solely within the domain of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Parliament) but involves other institutions, among which the Expediency Discernment Council holds a significant role. The Expediency Discernment Council functions as a pivotal institution in the Iranian legal and legislative system, with its primary responsibilities including the resolution of legislative conflicts between the Parliament and the Guardian Council and the formulation of general state policies. Given the Council’s authority to intervene in legislative matters, its influence on the formulation and implementation of criminal policy is substantial. By analyzing the extent of the Council’s role in shaping legislative criminal policy, this study seeks to assess its effectiveness in formulating systematic and coherent crime-control strategies. ∴ Research Question ∴ This study seeks to address the following key research question: What is the role of the Expediency Discernment Council in the formulation and implementation of legislative criminal policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran? This central inquiry is further broken down into sub-questions: To what extent does the Council directly influence legislative criminal policy through its intervention in lawmaking processes? How does the Council’s role in resolving legislative disputes affect the consistency and coherence of criminal laws? Does the Council’s involvement contribute to the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies in Iran? ∴ Research Hypothesis ∴ The study is based on the following hypothesis: The Expediency Discernment Council serves two primary functions in Iran’s legislative criminal policy: legislative and supervisory. This hypothesis is derived from an analysis of the Iranian Constitution and the Council’s official functions. The legislative role of the Council is evident in its authority to propose and influence state policies and to resolve conflicts between the Parliament and the Guardian Council. Meanwhile, its supervisory role is reflected in its oversight of legislative developments to ensure alignment with broader national interests. Given these two functions, the study hypothesizes that the Council’s involvement in legislative criminal policy enhances the coherence and efficiency of crime-related laws while simultaneously acting as a regulatory body that ensures legislative decisions align with the broader interests of the state. However, the extent of its effectiveness remains an area for critical analysis. ∴ Methodology & Framework, if Applicable ∴ This research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach combined with a doctrinal research method to examine the role of the Expediency Discernment Council in legislative criminal policy. The study relies on legal analysis, constitutional provisions, statutory laws, and relevant legal documents to evaluate the Council’s functions within the Iranian legislative system. ∴ Results & Discussion ∴ The findings of this study highlight the pivotal role of the Expediency Discernment Council in shaping legislative criminal policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Council’s contributions extend beyond its primary function of resolving disputes between the Parliament and the Guardian Council, encompassing broader legislative and supervisory responsibilities that influence Iran’s approach to crime prevention, punishment, and legal reform. One of the most significant aspects of the Council’s role is its power to propose general state policies, which serve as legislative frameworks guiding criminal lawmaking. The policies formulated by the Council include major directives on criminalization, decriminalization, prison reform, and crime prevention, which have provided a foundation for legislative initiatives in Parliament. By issuing such guidelines, the Council effectively shapes Iran’s legislative response to evolving social and legal challenges. Additionally, the Council’s legislative interventions have resulted in the enactment of key legal instruments addressing criminal phenomena. Notable examples include the Anti-Narcotics Law, which outlines Iran’s strict approach to drug-related offenses, and the Law on Aggravated Punishment for Embezzlement, Bribery, and Fraud, which demonstrates the Council’s efforts in combating financial crimes. These laws illustrate how the Council's arbitration function not only resolves legislative impasses but also contributes to the development of comprehensive legal strategies to address criminal behavior. Beyond legislation, the Council plays a supervisory role in ensuring that enacted laws align with the overarching policies of the system. This supervision is conducted through substantive and procedural reviews: Substantive Review: The Council assesses whether laws passed by Parliament conform to Iran’s general state policies. This review includes examining whether legislative acts contradict overarching governance principles or deviate from the pre-established criminal policy guidelines. Procedural Review: The Council ensures that laws enacted in accordance with system policies are effectively implemented by judicial and executive bodies. This oversight mechanism helps maintain consistency in legislative application and prevents deviations in enforcement. Despite its significant influence, the Council’s role in legislative criminal policy is not without challenges. One major concern is the potential overreach of legislative authority, as the Iranian legal system primarily assigns lawmaking responsibilities to Parliament. While the Council's interventions may be necessary in cases of legislative deadlocks, clear and transparent criteria are needed to define the extent of its involvement in the legislative process. Furthermore, the effectiveness of criminal policy formulation would benefit from a more structured engagement with experts in criminology and legal reform, ensuring that legislative decisions are informed by empirical research and international best practices. ∴ Conclusion ∴ The Expediency Discernment Council serves as a crucial institution in shaping legislative criminal policy in Iran. Its dual role—legislative and supervisory—grants it significant authority in defining legal responses to criminal phenomena. Through its policy recommendations, dispute resolution, and regulatory oversight, the Council has contributed to the formation and refinement of Iran’s criminal legal framework. However, certain limitations must be addressed to enhance the Council’s effectiveness in legislative criminal policymaking. Given that lawmaking is fundamentally the responsibility of Parliament, the Council’s intervention should be reserved for exceptional cases where legislative impasses threaten the coherence of the legal system. Establishing clear procedural criteria for intervention would help balance the legislative powers between the Council and Parliament. Additionally, strengthening the Council’s engagement with criminologists and legal experts would improve the quality of its legislative contributions, ensuring that Iran’s criminal policy framework is both systematic and adaptable to contemporary challenges. Furthermore, greater emphasis on developmental prevention policies, particularly in education and social reform, could help shift the focus of criminal policy from punitive measures to proactive crime prevention. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Criminal Policy, Legislative Criminal Policy, Expediency Discernment Council, General Policies of the System | ||
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